KBO League, Beyond Sports and into Culture
On March 22nd, 2025, the professional baseball season in South Korea officially began, drawing countless enthusiastic fans to stadiums across the nation. Baseball in Korea is not merely a sport— it has deeply embedded itself into the daily lives and emotional fabric of the Korean people. Since the launch of the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) League in 1982, professional baseball has grown and evolved through decades of change, becoming one of the country’s most beloved and influential cultural phenomena. In the 2024 season, the league achieved a historic milestone by surpassing 10 million total spectators in attendance. Today, baseball goes beyond the thrill of the game itself. It has become a medium for social communication, a symbol of regional identity and pride, and a source of national unity. This article aims to examine the current state of the KBO League within its historical context, while analyzing the diverse cultural and social roles baseball fulfills in Korean society. Through this lens, The Dongguk Post will explore why baseball continues to be regarded as the “national sport” and reflect on its future direction.
The history and development of baseball in Korea
Baseball was introduced to Korea in the early 20th century through Japanese influence during the colonial period. Initially, it gained traction primarily within school athletic programs and student baseball teams during the 1920s and 1930s. After Korea’s liberation in 1945, baseball continued to spread through intra-school leagues and amateur competitions, gradually gaining public interest and popularity. A major turning point came in 1982 with the official establishment of the KBO, which launched a professional league comprising 6 teams. This marked the beginning of baseball’s transformation into a fully-fledged popular sport embraced by the general public. The league quickly established a loyal fan base, with regional rivalries fueling attendance and media attention. Television broadcasts of games further expanded baseball’s reach across the country.
Korean baseball soon began making a name for itself internationally. At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the Korean national team captured the gold medal with an undefeated record, stunning global audiences and solidifying the nation’s presence on the world stage. The momentum continued in 2009 when Korea secured second place at the World Baseball Classic (WBC), a result that ignited widespread national enthusiasm. These achievements helped redefine public perceptions of baseball, shifting its image from a mere sport to a cultural phenomenon.
Furthermore, the international success of Korean players like Park Chan-ho, Choo shin-soo, Ryu Hyun-jin, and Kim Ha-seong in Major League Baseball (MLB) elevated the country’s baseball reputation globally. Their impact also stimulated growth in domestic leagues and inspired improvements in youth training systems. Today, baseball is one of the main pillars of Korea’s sports industry, maintaining its relevance and significance through continuous innovation and fan engagement.
The current landscape of the KBO League
As of 2025, the KBO League consists of 10 franchises, each participating in a 144-game regular season followed by a postseason series. These teams are deeply rooted in their respective regions, forming strong connections with local communities and developing distinct team cultures and fan bases. The influence of these teams extends beyond sports, shaping regional economies and contributing to the social and cultural identity of their cities.
KIA Tigers, based in Gwangju, hold the record for the most Korean Series championships, with 12 titles to their name. Having won the unified championship in the 2024 season, they continue to be regarded as a perennial powerhouse, particularly known for their robust pitching staff and disciplined gameplay. Samsung Lions, a founding member of the league from Daegu, have claimed 8 Korean Series titles and are lauded for their consistent performance, strong youth development programs, and systematic front-office operations.
In Seoul, Doosan Bears—formerly known as OB Bears—are famous for their playoff resilience, often displaying remarkable tenacity and cohesion. The team is synonymous with phrases like “Doosan’s Strength,” reflecting its reputation for overcoming adversity. Sharing the capital city is LG Twins, long-standing rivals of the Bears. With a championship win in 2023, Twins have re-entered a golden era, bolstered by substantial financial backing and effective star marketing that has made them a favorite among fans in the Seoul metropolitan area. The high-stakes “Jamsil Derby” between LG twins and Doosan Bears remains one of the most thrilling and iconic matchups in the league.
SSG Landers, based in Incheon, were formerly known as the SK Wyverns and rose to prominence with a regular season championship in 2022. They are known for aggressive marketing strategies and high-profile player acquisitions, which have resonated particularly well with younger audiences. Kiwoom Heroes, operating independently without a parent corporation, play at Gocheok Sky Dome in Seoul. They are pioneers in data- driven baseball strategies and talent development, often showcasing breakout performances from rookie players.
Lotte Giants, hailing from Busan, are legendary for their passionate fan base and long-standing history. Despite fluctuating performances over the years, the team consistently ranks among the top in attendance and is regarded as a symbol of the city. NC Dinos, one of the newer teams established in Changwon, quickly established themselves with a championship win in 2020. Their modern management style and community- focused marketing strategies have earned them a solid regional following.
KT Wiz, representing Suwon, entered the first division in 2015 and made a powerful statement by winning the championship in 2021. With a roster filled with youthful talent, they have become one of the fastest-growing competitive teams in the league. Lastly, Hanwha Eagles, based in Daejeon, are in the midst of a rebuilding phase but maintain a strong presence thanks to a loyal and passionate fan community. Each of these 10 teams contributes uniquely to the league’s vibrancy and competitiveness, creating a dynamic environment that elevates the overall quality and appeal of Korean professional baseball.
The unique stadium culture of Korean baseball
Korean baseball is characterized not only by the gameplay itself but also by its vibrant and interactive stadium culture. In the KBO League, fans play a central role in transforming stadiums into dynamic spaces of celebration and community. Attending a game is not just about watching—it is about participating. Supporters gather to cheer, chant, and share in a collective experience that resembles a festive event more than a conventional sports match. This atmosphere is a key component of the KBO’s allure and greatly enhances the entertainment value of each game.
Among the most distinctive elements of KBO stadium culture is the use of cheering songs. These chants go far beyond simple slogans—they serve as emotional bridges between players and fans, fostering a deep sense of connection and solidarity. Each team has its own unique set of cheer songs, which reflect the team’s identity and its history with the fans. These songs are performed collectively during games, often becoming iconic anthems that are passed down through generations. Every season brings new additions, many of which incorporate current musical trends that resonate with younger fans, keeping the culture fresh and inclusive.
Jumbotron events, or scoreboard activities, have also become a defining feature of the KBO experience. During games, large screens display fan messages, birthday wishes, and interactive contests. Teams host dance battles, trivia games, and other fan-participation segments that ensure spectators are engaged even between innings. These segments not only serve to keep fans entertained but also create moments of genuine connection between the club and its supporters. The Jumbotron has thus evolved into a powerful tool for building energy and community spirit inside the stadium.
Another cherished aspect of Korean baseball is the ceremonial first pitch. This event is more than a ritual to signal the start of a game—it is a celebratory moment that often involves celebrities, athletes, or even fans. When a well- known public figure throws the first pitch, it elevates the game’s excitement and draws additional attention from the media and public. Occasionally, local heroes or community members are invited to participate, further strengthening the bonds between the team and the people it represents. These experiences offer fans the opportunity to feel acknowledged and involved, fostering a sense of belonging and pride.
Distinctive features of Korean baseball
Adding to the excitement and unique identity of Korean baseball is the widespread acceptance of the bat flip, or ppadon. In contrast to Major LeagueBaseball, where such displays are often frowned upon as disrespectful, the KBO embraces bat flips as a form of emotional expression and fan engagement. When a batter hits a home run or delivers a crucial hit, a stylish bat flip often follows, drawing loud cheers from the crowd. These moments are celebrated as highlights and have even become part of players’ personal flair, with younger athletes developing signature styles that circulate widely on social media. Far from being seen as unsportsmanlike, the bat flip has become an integral aspect of the performance-driven nature of KBO games, where passion and individuality are encouraged.
Another deeply rooted aspect of Korean baseball culture can be seen in how pitchers respond when they unintentionally hit a batter with a pitch. In such cases, it is customary for the pitcher to remove their cap or bow slightly as a visible gesture of apology. This act, grounded in Korea’s cultural emphasis on respect and etiquette, reflects a broader social value where acknowledging mistakes and showing humility are signs of character. Unlike in many Western leagues, where a hit-by-pitch may lead to escalating tensions or even confrontations, the Korean approach seeks to defuse conflict and reaffirm mutual respect. These quiet, respectful exchanges serve as reminders that sportsmanship remains at the heart of competition, even in high-stakes moments.
Baseball in Korea has grown far beyond the boundaries of sport, evolving into a multifaceted cultural force that influences education, media, industry, and regional development. The KBO League stands at the center of this transformation, continuously shaping and being shaped by the communities that support it. To maintain its momentum, the league must continue pursuing innovation and sustainable growth. This includes expanding infrastructure, enhancing the international competitiveness of players, strengthening youth development programs, and ensuring transparent, fair league operations. Government policies and club-level efforts alike must align to support these goals. At the same time, fans also play a crucial role in sustaining the ecosystem of Korean baseball. Their active participation, passionate support, and enduring interest will continue to drive the sport forward. As times change, Korean baseball must continue to evolve with the times, but its unique ability to inspire emotion, foster a sense of community, and craft meaningful narratives will ensure that it remains a central pillar of the nation’s cultural identity. With the right balance of tradition and progress, baseball in Korea can look forward to a future as profound and dynamic as its past.