[465 Trip] Experience in Crossing the Boundaries of War, Peace, and Nature in the DMZ

   Have you heard of the DMZ? The Demilitarized Zone, or DMZ, is a military buffer zone established under the Armistice Agreement of the Korean War, serving as the boundary separating South and North Korea. This area represents not only military significance but also a symbol of the historical division of the Korean Peninsula, and the ideological conflicts accompanying it. Recently, DMZ tours have gained popularity among foreign visitors as an unforgettable experience. Through these tours, visitors can directly encounter the pain of the Korean War and the complex political landscape that followed. Visitors can also understand the military tensions between the South and North and feel significant moments of modern Korean history. With this uniqueness that can only be experienced in Korea, The Dongguk Post aims to demonstrate the various aspects of the DMZ tour through this article.

Historical background and features of the DMZ

   The Korean War happened between South and North Korea along the 38th parallel, and its outcome significantly impacted global history and international politics during the Cold War period. On July 27th, 1953, an Armistice Agreement was signed between South and North Korea, halting military clashes, although the state of war officially remained unresolved. The DMZ stretches approximately 250 kilometers in length and about four kilometers in width, created to prevent direct military conflicts between the South and North. Historically, the DMZ functions as a demilitarized zone intended to prevent military conflict. Still, nowadays, military incidents and political disputes continue.

   DMZ tours began in the mid-1990s. Initially, DMZ tours were limited and allowed under the supervision of the government and military. At first, it was only allowed for diplomats and military personnel. After the Inter-Korean summits and the peace process in the early 2000s, DMZ tours became accessible to a broader public, allowing regular tourists to participate. 

   The DMZ also serves as an important ecological preserve. The restrictions on war and military activities in this area have allowed a home of diverse flora and fauna to flourish. The minimal human interference has preserved a primitive natural environment where species can reproduce and establish ecosystems without human disruption. This environment provides critical habitats demonstrating the value of coexistence among various species and is utilized as a significant source for global ecological research. For example, the DMZ is home to several endangered species, including the White-naped crane, Steller’s sea eagle, and Asiatic black bear as well as native plants like Korean ginseng and the Korean pine. The DMZ tour offers visitors the opportunity to observe not only the military tensions but also this unique ecosystem.

Tourist attractions and operational information for the DMZ tour

   The following are the main tourist attractions operated in the Paju area and they can vary by region depending on where visitors start. First, there is the Joint Security Area (JSA) in Panmunjom, a symbolic location where military officials from South and North Korea have met for a peace summit and military confrontations. Visitors at Panmunjom can directly observe the site of military tensions and peace negotiations, gaining an understanding of the conflicts and cooperation between the two countries. This area, which draws international attention, offers the opportunity to experience the different ideologies and cultures that exist across the military demarcation line. Second, the Third Tunnel is a major tourist attraction that represents military tension. This tunnel was secretly constructed by North Korea with the intent to neutralize South Korea’s military defenses. It demonstrates the significance of military threats and surveillance in the DMZ region. Visitors can learn about the tunnel’s structure and purpose, experiencing the potential threats of war. The third one is Imjingak, a popular site for many visitors, symbolizing the scars of war and the hope for peace. The observatory allows visitors to view the northern region, creating a space for local residents and tourists to reflect on the importance of peace.

   The DMZ Peace Tour is subject to change based on Korea’s political situation. Currently, the tourist course includes the Imjingak, Third Tunnel, Dora Observatory, and Unification Village, as provided by the most well-known DMZ tour organized by the Paju City Hall. Reservations can be made through not only private tour companies but also the websites of Paju City Hall, Cheorwon, and Goseong County Office.

   Foreign visitors are required to bring a passport, foreign registration card, or U.S. military ID as identification, and copies of IDs or expired passports are not acceptable for entry. Entrance fees are 12,200 KRW for the monorail and 9,200 KRW for walking tours, with discounts available for children, teenagers, seniors, and exempt individuals. Foreign visitors are not eligible for discounts. Tours start from Imjingak, visiting the Third Tunnel, Dora Observatory, and Unification Village. Guides are not provided, so visitor groups must arrange their own. Tickets can only be purchased for the actual number of people arriving at Imjingak, and all members of the group must arrive before issuing tickets. The ticket office is closed on Mondays and public holidays during the week. Ticket sales are conducted from 9 A.M. to 2:30 P.M., but same-day ticket sales may close early based on conditions. Reservations are not available, and tickets are sold on a first-come, first-served basis. Access to the northern border region may be restricted in case of emergencies or unforeseen circumstances. Moreover, during winter, entry may be limited for safety reasons. In addition, access to the Third Tunnel is restricted for the elderly, individuals with high or low blood pressure, those with physical weaknesses, and respiratory conditions, and those who are intoxicated. In the DMZ, carrying firearms, hazardous materials, alcohol, or fishing equipment is forbidden, and entry off designated roads and illegal dumping of waste are also prohibited. When visiting the Third Tunnel, the narrow space and steep inclines may restrict access for tourists in wheelchairs or with mobility issues, and minors must be accompanied by a guardian. 

   The DMZ tour offers a unique experience that provides deep insights into modern Korean history, international politics, and ecological values. Visitors can directly engage with the historical context of the Korean War and the military role of the DMZ through this tour. Moreover, the DMZ serves as a crucial ecological preserve. This offers visitors an opportunity to experience the importance of nature conservation and ecosystems. Understanding the ecological value of the DMZ will be another important aspect of the visitor experience. The Dongguk Post recommends the DMZ tour, hoping that it will provide valuable lessons and unique experiences that contribute to the understanding of Korea’s history.